Stereological comparison of imbibed fibrinogen gauze versus simple gauze in external packing of grade IV liver injury in rats

Objective: To evaluate the effect of imbibed fibrinogen gauze on survival, bleeding and healing in liver trauma

Methods: This animal experimental study was conducted on 20 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats; with a mean weight of 300±50?gram; divided into two groups. Grade IV injury was induced to the subjects' liver. Then, the bleeding site was packed with simple gauze in the control group, and imbibed fibrinogen gauze in the experimental group. All animals were re-evaluated for liver hemostasis 48 hours after the initial injury. Bleeding in the intra peritoneal cavity was measured using Tuberculosis Syringe in the first and second operations. Subjects were followed-up for 14 days. Eventually, the rats were sacrificed and their livers were sent to a lab for stereological assessment. Statistical comparisons were performed via Mann–Whitney U-test using SPSS. P-Values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant

Results: Half of the rats in the control group died, while all the rats in the imbibed fibrinogen gauze group survived after two weeks [p= 0.032]. Bleeding in the imbibed fibrinogen gauze was significantly less than control group, 48 hours' post-surgery [p<0.001]. According to the stereological results, granulation tissue in the imbibed fibrinogen gauze group were more than the control group [P= 0.032]. Also, fibrosis in the imbibed fibrinogen gauze group were more than the control group [P= 0.014]

Conclusion: Our study indicated that imbibed fibrinogen gauze can potentially control liver bleeding and improve survival through increasing granulation tissue and fibrosis in injured liver

Study of the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of feijoa sellowiana fruits against MDMA using the isolated rat liver perfusion system

Liver injury induced by viruses, chemicals and drugs can be protected by different medicinal plants. Feijoa sellowiana [Myrtaceae] is an evergreen bush native to southern areas of South America, as well as Iran where the fruits are very popular. Feijoa has shown a potent antimicrobial effect. Morever, the antioxidant activity of total Feijoa extract has also been reported. MDMA or ecstasy is a ring-substituted amphetamine derivative which has been abused as a widespread recreational drug by the young generation. Liver is a target organ for MDMA toxicity. In fact, this sense MDMA is metabolized by cytochromes P[450]2D, 2B and 3Aand reactive metabolites are readily oxidized to the corresponding o-qiuinones and reactive oxygen species [ROS]

This study investigated whether methanilic Feijoa sellowiana fruits can produce biochemical changes using the Isolated Rat Liver Perfusion [IRLP] system. The, the liver was perfused with different concentrations of the extract [10, 20, 40, 50,100 mg/kg], added to the buffer and perfused within 2 h. During the perfusion we tried to find out the antioxidant activity or liver protective effect of Feijoa, by determinining amino-transferases activities [SGOT and SGPT ] and glutathione reductase [GSH] level in comparison with the positive and negative controls. Subsequently, sections of liver tissue were examined for any histopathological changes. The results revealed that the activities of SGOT and SGPT were seriously decreased and GSH level was significantly increased by the Feijoa extract. Overall, necrosis in the liver parenchyma was decreased. These findings revealed that Feijoa sellowiana is an effective hepatoprotective plant

Pharmacological basis of opioids dependence [addiction] and its treatment

Dependence [addiction] and tolerance is acquired as a result of repeated drug use, its effects will gradually diminish and so after a while the person will tolerate toxic levels of the drug without causing discomfort. Structure of Morphine have five rings with profile A [Aromatic], B [Cyclohexane], C [Cyclohexane], D [Piperidine] and E [Tetrahydrofuran], all derivatives of morphine which have these cyclic structures would have addictive potential that were compatible with their analgesic effect. Thousands of years ago, opioid compounds were used for pain relief, analgesia, induction of anesthesia [Fentanyl], alternative treatments for addiction, treatment of diarrhea [Diphenoxylate], pulmonary edema and coughs [Codeine]. The main side effects of these drugs are suppression of breathing and decreased response to carbon dioxide in the blood that can cause respiratory failure and subsequent death. There are different treatments for addiction including Acupuncture therapy [electro Acupuncture], Sleep therapy, Occupational therapy, the placebo-treated through detoxification, Methadone, Buprenorphine or Alpha agonist receptor detoxification, Opioid antagonist drugs and treatment with herbal drugs